The Function of Autophagy in Neurodegenerative Diseases
نویسندگان
چکیده
Macroautophagy, hereafter referred to as autophagy, is a bulk degradation process performed by lysosomes in which aggregated and altered proteins as well as dysfunctional organelles are decomposed. Autophagy is a basic cellular process that maintains homeostasis and is crucial for postmitotic neurons. Thus, impaired autophagic processes in neurons lead to improper homeostasis and neurodegeneration. Recent studies have suggested that impairments of the autophagic process are associated with several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and static encephalopathy of childhood with neurodegeneration in adulthood. In this review, we focus on the recent findings regarding the autophagic process and the involvement of autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases.
منابع مشابه
P162: Emerging Perspectives on Mtor-Associated Inflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Inflammatory processes have been shown to be involved in development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) involves in various cellular processes including autophagy, apoptosis and energy metabolism. Recently, studies have been shown an association between mTOR pathway and inflammation, supporting the role of the pathway in the pathogenesis of infla...
متن کاملمروری بر کنترل اتوفاژی به وسیله ROS (گونه های فعال اکسیژن )
ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) are small, short-lived and highly reactive molecules that can oxidize proteins, lipids and DNA. ROS are formed by incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. ROS include oxygen anions, free radicals, including superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, and peroxides such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Autophagy is a catabolic pathway for degradation ...
متن کاملExosomes: Future Perspective in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Neurodegeneration is a progressive and irreversible loss of neuronal cells in specific regions of the brain. Alzheimer Diseases (AD) Parkinson Disease (PD) are the most common forms of neurodegenerative diseases in older people. Exosomes are extracellular nanovesicles that have a key role in physiological processes such as intercellular communication, cell migration, angiogenesis, and anti-tumo...
متن کاملP 155: The Roles of Microglia in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Microglia is a type of glial cell located throughout the central nervous system (CNS), which is sensitive to CNS injury and disease. Responsibility of microglia as the resident macrophage cells for injuries suggests that these cells have the potential to act as diagnostic markers of disease beginning or progression. Function of Microglia is strongly synchronized by the microenvironment of brain...
متن کاملRole of autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases
The growing range of implications of autophagy in a myriad of human physiological and pathological conditions has witnessed an exponential increase in the number of studies published over the last decade. The role of autophagy to function predominantly as a cellular survival mechanism has been widely accepted over the last few years. It is an evolutionarily conserved protein degradation pathway...
متن کاملRole of autophagy in prion protein-induced neurodegenerative diseases.
Prion diseases, characterized by spongiform degeneration and the accumulation of misfolded and aggregated PrP(Sc) in the central nervous system, are one of fatal neurodegenerative and infectious disorders of humans and animals. In earlier studies, autophagy vacuoles in neurons were frequently observed in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases as w...
متن کامل